Odisha, located on the eastern coast of India, is a state rich in geographical diversity and natural beauty. Bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, it boasts a long and ecologically significant coastline stretching over 480 kilometers, featuring pristine beaches, estuaries, and sand dunes. One of the most remarkable natural features of Odisha is Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon. Spread across the districts of Puri, Khurda, and Ganjam, Chilika is a Ramsar-designated wetland of international importance and serves as a crucial wintering ground for over 160 species of migratory birds, making it a birdwatcher’s paradise.

Odisha’s landscape is a mix of coastal plains, rolling uplands, river valleys, and forested hills, which form part of the Eastern Ghats. The state is crisscrossed by major rivers such as the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani, which nurture fertile agricultural plains and provide water for irrigation and hydroelectricity. Forests cover about 30% of Odisha’s land area, and these forests are rich in biodiversity. Protected areas like Simlipal Biosphere Reserve, Bhitarkanika National Park, and Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary are home to endangered species including Royal Bengal Tigers, Asiatic elephants, saltwater crocodiles, and countless species of birds and reptiles.

Odisha is also known for its unique ecological zones, such as the mangrove forests in Bhitarkanika and the dry deciduous forests of the interior. The state’s varied topography and climate support a wide range of ecosystems, from wetlands and grasslands to tropical forests. These natural resources not only sustain wildlife but also play a crucial role in the livelihoods and cultural traditions of local communities. Odisha’s commitment to conservation and eco-tourism continues to highlight its importance as a guardian of India’s eastern ecological corridor.